AGE The age response is based on the age of the person in completed years as of April 1, 1990. Where the age response was unacceptable or unavailable, a person's age was derived from an acceptable year of birth response from the questionnaire.  ANCESTRY Refers to a person's ethnic origin or decent, "roots@, or heritage or the place of birth of the person or person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. Single Ancestries - Includes all persons who reported only one ethnic group. Multiple Ancestries - Includes all persons who reported more than one group and were assigned two ancestry codes. Ancestry Unclassified - includes all persons who provided a response that could not be assigned an ancestry code for one or more reason. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Data in this category are obtained for persons 15 years old and over. Persons are classified according to the highest level of school completed or the highest degree received. Persons not reporting educational attainment were assigned the attainment of a person of the same age, race of Spanish Origin, and sex who resided in the same or nearby area. Persons who filled more than one circle were included in the highest level or degree reported. High School Graduate or Higher- Includes persons whose highest degree was a high school diploma or its equivalent, persons who attended college or professional school, and persons who received a college, university, or professional degree. Persons who reported completing the 12th grade but not receiving a diploma are not included. Not Enrolled, Not High School Graduate - Includes persons of compulsory school attendance age or above who were not enrolled in school and were not high school graduates; these persons may be taken to be "high school dropouts@. There is no restriction on when they dropped out of school and they may have never attended high school. EMPLOYMENT STATUS The series of questions on employment was asked of all persons 15 years old and over and designed to identify 1) persons who worked at any time during the reference week; 2) persons who did not work during the reference week but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent (excluding layoff); 3) persons on layoff; and 4) persons who did not work during the reference week, but who were looking for work during the last four weeks and were available for work during the reference week. The employment status data show in the 1990 tabulations relate to persons 16 years old and over. Some tabulations include those persons 15 years and over. Employed - all civilians 16 years old and over who were either 1) "at work" those who did any work at all during the reference week as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession, worked on their own farm, or work 15 hours or more as unpaid workers on a family farm or in a family business; or 2) were "with a job but not at work" - those who did not work during the reference week but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, industrial dispute, vacation, or other personal reasons. Excluded from the employed are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house or unpaid volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations; also excluded are persons on active duty in the U.S. armed forces. Unemployed - All civilians 16 years and over are classified unemployed d they 1) were neither "at work" nor "with a job but not at work" during the reference week; 2) were looking for work during the last 4 weeks; and 3) were available to accept a job. Also included as unemployed are civilians who did not work at all during the reference week and were waiting to be called to a job from which they had been laid off. Examples of job seeking activities include registering at a public or private employment office; meeting with prospective employers; investigating possibilities for starting a professional practice or opening a business; placing or answering advertisements; writing letters of application; being on a union or professional register. Civilian Labor Force - consists of persons classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the above criteria. Labor Force - all persons classified in the civilian labor force plus members of the U.S. Armed Forces. FAMILY TYPE Family - Consists of a householder and one or more other persons living in the same household who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. All persons in a household who are related to the householder are regarded as members of his or her family. Families are classified by type either as: 1) Married-couple where householder and his or her spouse are enumerated as members of the same household; 2) Male householder, no wife present; and 3) Female householder, no husband present. HOUSEHOLD AND TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP Household: A household includes all the persons who occupy a housing unit. A housing unit is a house, an apartment, a mobile home, a group of rooms, or a single room that is occupied (or ff vacant, is intended for occupancy) as separate living quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other persons in the building or through a common hall. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons who share living arrangements. Householder: Two types of householders are distinguished: a family householder and a nonfamily householder. A family householder is a householder living with one or more persons related to him or her by birth, marriage, or adoption. The householder and all persons in the household related to him or her are family members. A nonfamily householder is a householder living alone or with nonrelative only. Spouse: Includes a person married to and living with a householder. This category includes persons in formal marriages, as well as persons in common-law marriages. Child: Includes a son or daughter by birth, a stepchild or adopted child of the householder, regardless of the child's age or marital status. This category excludes sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, and foster children. Own Child-a never married child under 18 years who is a son or daughter by birth, a stepchild, or an adopted child of the householder. Related Children: Include own children and all other persons under 18 years of age in the household, regardless of marital status, who are related to the householder, except the spouse of the householder. Foster children are not included since they are not related to the householder. Other relatives: Includes any household member relate to the householder by birth, marriage or adoption, but not included specifically in another relationship category. This may include grandchild; brother or sister; parent; or other relatives not listed.  Nonrelatives: Includes any household member not related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. Examples are: roomer, boarder or foster child; housemate or roommate; unmarried partner; or other nonrelative not described in the categories listed. Unrelated Individuals: Includes 1) a householder living alone or with nonrelative only; 2) a household member who is not related to the householder; or 3) a person living in group quarters who is not an inmate of an institution. INCOME IN 1989 Information on money received in the calendar year 1989 was requested from persons 15 years old and over. Total income - the sum of the amounts reported separately for wage and salary; net farm and nonfarm self-employment income; interest, dividend, or net rental or royalty income. Earnings - the sum of wage or salary income and net income from farm and nonfarm self-employment. Earnings represent the amount of income received regularly before deductions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, union dues, Medicare deductions, etc. Household Income lncludes the income of the householder and all other persons 15 years old and over in the household, whether related to the householder or not. Because many households consist of only one person, average household income is usually less than that of average family income. Family Income Incomes of all members 15 years old and over in each family are summed and treated as a single amount. Although the income statistics covered the calendar year 1989, the characteristics of persons and the composition of families refer to the time of enumeration (April 1, 1990). Therefore, the income of family does not include amounts received by persons who were members of the family during all or part of the 1989 calendar year if these persons no longer resided with the family at the time of enumeration. Yet, family income amounts reported by related persons who did not reside with the family during 1989 but who were members of the family at the time of enumeration are included. The composition of most families was the same during 1989 as in April 1990. Median Income Divides the income distribution into two equal parts, one have incomes above the median and the other have incomes below the median. Median income for household and family is based on the distribution of the total number of units including those with no income. The median for persons is based on persons with income. The median income values for all households, families, and persons are computed on the basis of more detailed income intervals than shown in most tabulations. Median household or family income figures of $50,000 or less (persons with $40,000 or less) are calculated using linear interpolation. Mean Income Divides the total income of a particular statistical universe by the number of units in that universe (i.e., the mean household income is obtained by dividing total household income by the total number of households). Per Capita income is the mean income of every man, woman, and child in a particular group. ft is derived by dividing the total income of a particular group by the total population in that group. INCOME BY TYPE Wage of Salary Includes total money earnings received for work performed as an employee during the calendar year 1989. It includes wages, salary, Armed Forces pay, commissions, tips, piece-rate payments, and cash bonuses earned before deductions were made for taxes, bonds, pensions, union dues, etc. Nonfarm Self-employment Includes net money income (gross receipts minus expenses) from one's own business, professional enterprise, or partnership. Gross receipts include the value of all goods sold and services rendered. Expenses include costs of goods purchased, rent, heat, light, power, depreciation charges, wages and salaries paid, business taxes (not personal income taxes) etc. Farm Self-employment Includes net money (gross receipts minus operating expenses) from the operation of a farm by a person on his or her own account, as an owner, renter, or sharecropper. Gross receipts include the value of all products sold, government farm programs, money received from the rental of farm equipment to others, and incidental receipts from the sale of wood, sand, gravel, etc. Operating expenses include cost of feed, fertilizer, seed, and other farming supplies, cash wages paid to farmhands, depreciation charges, cash rent, interest on farm mortgages, farm building repairs, farm taxes (not State and Federal personal income taxes), etc. The value of fuel, food, or other farm products used for family living is not included as part of net income. Interest, Dividend, or Net Rental Income Includes interest on savings or bonds, dividends from stockholding or membership in associations, net income from rental of property to others and receipts from boarders or lodgers, net royalties, and periodic payments from an estate of trust fund. Social Security Includes Social Security pensions and survivors benefits and permanent disability insurance payments by the Social Security Administration prior to deductions for medical insurance, and railroad retirement insurance checks from the U.S. Government. Medicare reimbursements are not included. Public Assistance Includes 1) supplementary security income payments made by Federal or State welfare agencies to low income persons who are aged (65 years or over), blind, or disabled; 2) aid to families with dependent children, and 3) general assistance. Separate payments received for hospital or other medical care are excluded. Retirement or Disability Includes 1) retirement pensions and survivor benefits from a former employer, labor union, or Federal, State, county or other governmental agency; 2) disability income from sources such as worker's compensation; companies or unions; Federal, State, or local government; 3) periodic receipts from annuities and insurance; and 4) regular income from IRA and KEOGH plans. All Other Income Includes unemployment compensation, Veterans Administration (VA) payments, alimony and child support, contributions received periodically from persons not living in the household, military family allotments, net gambling winnings, and other kinds of other periodic income earnings. INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION AND CLASS OF WORKER Data for industry, occupation, and class of worker was derived from questions asked of business conducted by a person's employing organization; occupation describes the kind of work the person does on the job. Industry The classification system developed for the 1990 census consists of 235 categories for employed persons, classified into 13 major industry groups. The industrial classification is based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Manual. The current SIC used was developed and published for 1987 by the Office of Management and Budget Executive Office of the President. Occupation The occupational classification system developed for the 1990 census consists of 500 specific occupational categories for employed persons arranged into 6 summary and 13 major occupational groups. The classification was developed to be consistent with the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) Manual: 1980, and published by the Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards. Class of Worker Refers to the same job as a respondent's industry and occupation and categorized persons according to the type of ownership of the employing organization. Classes are defined as: Private Wage and Salary - included persons who worked for wages, salary, commission, tips, pay-in-kind, or piece rates for a private for profit employer or a private not-for-profit, tax-exempt or charitable organization. Self employed persons whose business was incorporated are included in this category because they are paid employees of their own companies. Government - includes persons who were employees of any local, State, or Federal governmental unit, regardless of the activity of the particular agency. Self-employed - included persons who worked for profit or fees in their own unincorporated business, profession, or trade, or who operated a farm. Unpaid Family - persons who worked 15 hours or more without pay in a business or on a farm operated by a relative. LIVING QUARTERS Group Quarters All persons not living in households are classified by the Census Bureau as living in group quarters. Two general categories are: 1) Institutionalized - includes persons under formally authorized, supervised care or custody in institutions at the time of enumeration. Such persons are classified as >patients or inmates' of an institution regardless of the availability of nursing or medical care, length of stay, or the number of persons in the institutions. Institutionalized persons are restricted in the institutional buildings or grounds (or must have passes or escorts to leave) and have limited interaction with the surrounding community. They are generally under the care of trained staff who have responsibility for their safekeeping and supervision. 2) Other noninstitutional group quarters - includes all persons living in group quarters other than institutions. Persons living in such quarters are classified as mother persons in group quarters' when there are 10 or more unrelated persons living in the unit; otherwise, these living quarters are classified as housing units. Examples of noninstitutional group quarters are: rooming houses, group homes, religious group quarters, college quarters off campus, college dormitories, military quarters, nursing homes, shelters, etc. Housing Units A housing unit is a house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, a group of rooms or a single room occupied as separate living quarters or, ff vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat separately from any other persons in the building and which have direct access from outside the building or through a common hall. Occupied - place of residence of the person or group of persons living in ft at the time of enumeration, or ff the occupants are only temporarily absent; that is, away on vacation. If all persons staying in the unit at the time of the census have their usual place of residence elsewhere, the unit is classified as vacant. A household includes all the persons who occupy a housing unit as their usual place of residence. By definition, the count of occupied housing units for 1 00-percent tabulation is the same as the count for households or householders. Vacant - ff no one is living in a unit at the time of enumeration, unless Its occupants are only temporarily absent, R is classified as vacant. Units temporarily occupied at the time of enumeration entirely by persons who have a usual residence elsewhere are also classified as vacant. New units not yet occupied are vacant housing units if construction has reached a point where all exterior windows and doors are installed and final usable floors are in place. Vacant units are excluded if they are open to the elements. Also excluded are quarters being used entirely for non residential purposes, such as a store or an office, or quarters used for the storage of business supplies or inventory, machinery, or agricultural products. Median Cash Rent Divides the rent distribution into two equal parts. In computing the median cash rent, unitsreported as >no cash rent' are excluded. This is then rounded to the nearest dollar. Contract Rent Data on contract rent (also referred to as 'rent asked' for vacant units) was asked at all occupied housing units that were rented for cash rent and all vacant housing units that were for rent at the time of enumeration. Contract rent is the monthly rent agreed to or contracted for, regardless of any furnishings, utilities, fees, meals, or services that may be included. For vacant units, ft is the monthly rent asked for the rental unit at the time of enumeration. Quartile Value A measure which divides a distribution into four equal parts. The first Quartile (or lower Quartile) is the value that defines the upper limit of the lowest one-quarter of the cases. The second Quartile is the median. The third Quartile (or upper Quartile) defines the lower limit of the upper one-quarter of the cases in the distribution. The difference between the upper and lower quartiles is called the interquartile range. This range is less affected by the wide variations than is the mean. Quartiles are presented for certain financial characteristics such as housing value or rent. MARITAL STATUS Data for marital status was tabulated only for persons 15 years old and over. All persons were asked whether they were 'now married, Awidowed@, Adivorced', Aseparated=', or Anever married". Couples who live together (unmarried persons, persons in common-law marriages) were allowed to report the marital status they considered the most appropriate. Marital status descriptions include: 1) Never married - all persons who have never been married including persons whose only marriage(s) was annulled. 2) Ever married - persons married at the time of enumeration (including those separated), widowed, or divorced. 3) Now married, except separated - persons whose current marriage has not ended through widowhood, divorce, or separation (regardless of previous marital history). Includes persons who live together or persons in common-law marriages if the category is appropriate by respondent's definition. 4) Separated - persons legally separated or otherwise absent from their spouse because of marital discord. Includes persons who have been deserted or who have passed because they no longer want to live together but who have not obtained a divorce. 5) Widowed - widows and widowers who have not remarried. 6) Divorced - persons who are legally divorced and who have not remarried. 7) Now married - all persons whose current marriage has not ended by widowhood or divorce. Category includes persons defined as separated, spouse present, and spouse absent. POVERTY STATUS IN 1989 The definition poverty status information presented in the census originated from the Social Security Administration in 1964 and modified Federal interagency committees in 1969 and 1990. The Office of Management and Budget has prescribed this as the standard to be used by Federal agencies for statistical purposes. The definition was originally derived from the 1961 economy food plan, the least costly of four nutritionally adequate food plans designed by the Department of Agriculture. The income cutoffs used by the Census Bureau to determine the poverty status of families and unrelated individuals include a set of 48 thresholds (details available in the technical documentation for Summary Tape File 3) arranged in a matrix consisting of family size and cross-classified by presence and number of family members under 18 years old. The poverty thresholds are revised annually to allow for changes in the cost of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index. The poverty threshold for a family of four in 1989 was $12,674. Persons for Whom Poverty Status is Determined - all persons except institutionalized persons, persons in military group quarters and in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals under l5 years old. These groups were excluded from the denominator when calculating poverty rates. Specified Poverty Levels - Since the poverty levels currently in use by the Federal Government do not meet all needs of data users, some of the data are presented at specified levels. These levels are obtained by multiplying the income cutoffs at the poverty level by the appropriate factor. For example, the average income cutoff at 125 percent of poverty levels was $15,843 ($12,674 X 1.25) in 1989 for a family of four. RACE/HISPANIC ORIGIN Hispanic Origin Persons of Hispanic origin are those persons who classified themselves in one of the specific Hispanic origin categories (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or other Spanish/Hispanic origin. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Race A classification of self-identification does not denote any clear-cut scientific definition of biological stock. This classification generally adhere to the guidelines in Federal Statistics Directive No. 15, issued by the Office of Management and Budget, which provides stands on ethnic and racial categories for statistical reporting to be used by all Federal agencies.   The racial categories used in the 1990 census are: White - persons who indicated their race as >white' or reported entries such as Canadian, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, or Polish. Black - persons who indicated their race as >black or Negro' or reported such entered as African American, Afro-American, Black Puerto Rican, Jamaican, Nigerian, West Indian or Haitian. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut identified classifications are: 1) American Indian - name of an Indian tribe was entered on the survey or reported such entries and Canadian Indian, French-American Indian, or Spanish-American Indian; 2) Eskimo - persons who indicated their race as 'Eskimo* or reported such entries as Arctic Slope, lnupiat, and Yupik; and 3) Aleut - persons who indicated their race as "Aleut' or reported entries such as Alutiq, Egegik, and Pribilovian. Asian or Pacific Islander includes persons in one of the Asian or Pacific Islander groups or provided responses as Thai, Nepali, or Tongan. Asians include Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Asian Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, or Other Asian not otherwise listed. Pacific Islander includes Hawaiian, Samoan, Guamanian, and Other Pacific Islander as Polynesian, Micronesian, or Melanesian. Other Race - all persons not in the above classifications. SEX In cases in which sex was not reported, ft was determined by an appropriate entry from the person's given name and household relationship. Otherwise sex was imputed according to the relationship to the householder and the age and marital status of the persons. CENSUS GEOGRAPHY The following definitions are for geographic entities and concepts that are included for 1990 Census data products. County The primary political divisions of most States are termed "counties@ ('parishes' in Louisiana and Aboroughs@ in Alaska). In four states (Missouri included) there are one or more cities that are independent of any county organization and constitute primary divisions of their states. These are known as 'independent cities' and are treated as equivalent to counties for statistical purposes. Each county and county equivalent is assigned a three-digit FIPS code that is unique within each State. These codes are assigned in alphabetical order of county or county equivalent within each State, except for the independent cities, which follow the listing of counties. County Subdivision The primary subdivisions of counties and their equivalents for the reporting of decennial census data. Theyincludecensuscountydivisions,censussubareas,minorcivildivisions, and unorganized territories. Each is assigned a three-digit census code in alphabetical order within county or a five-digit F[PS code in alphabetical order within State. CensusCounty Divisions (CCDS) Subdivisionsof a county that were delineatedby the Census Bureau, in cooperation with State officials and local census statistical area committees. CCDs are established in 21 states where there are no legally established minor civil divisions (MCDS). CCDs have no legal functions and are not governmental units. Minor Civil Divisions (MCDS) Primary political or administrative divisions of a county. MCDs represent many different kinds of legal entities with a wide variety of governmental and/or administrative functions. MCDs are variously designated as American Indian reservations, assessment districts, boroughs, elections districts, gores, grants, magisterial districts, parish governing authority districts, plantations, precincts, purchases, supervisor's districts, towns, and townships. In some states, all or some incorporated places are not located in any MCD and thus serve as MCDs in their own right. In other states, incorporated places are subordinateto (part oo the MCDs in which they are located. Tracts Small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county. Census tracts are delineatedfor all metropolitan areas and other densely populated counties by local census statistical areas committees following Census Bureau guidelines. They are identified by a four-digft basic number and may have a two-digft suffix (i.e., 6059.02). A suffix .99 indentffies a census tract that was populated entirely by persons aboard one or more civilian or military ships. Tract numbers are unique within a county. Block Numbering Areas (BNA) Small statistical subdivisions of a county for grouping and numbering blocks in nonmetropoltan counties where local census statistical areas committees have not established census tracts. BNAs are similar to census tracts. They do not cross county boundaries. BNAs are identified by a four-digft basic number and may have a two-digft suffix. Census Blocks Small areas bounded on all sides by visible features such as streets, roads, streams, and railroad tracks, and by invisible boundaries such as city, town, township, and county limits, property lines, and short, imaginary extensions of streets and roads. They are numbereduniquelywfthin each censustract or BNA. A block is identified by a three-digit number, sometimes with a single alphabetical suffix. Blocknumberswith suffixes generally represent collection blocks that are Isplftm in order to identify separate geographic entities that divide the original block. Block Groups (Bgs) Clusters of blocks having the same first digit of their three-digit identifying number within a census tract or block number area. Metropolitan area The general concept of a metropolitan area (MA) is one of a large population nucleus, together with adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. Some MAs are defined around two or more nuclei. The MA classification is a statistical standard, developed for use by Federal agencies in the productions, analysis, and publication of data on MAs. They are designatedand defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget. Each MA must contain either a place with a minimun population of 50,000 or a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area and a total MA population of at least 1 00, 000. An MA comprises one or more central counties. ft may include one or more outlying counties that have close economic and social relationshipswfth the central county. An outlying county must have a specified level of commuting to the central counties and also must meet certain standards regarding metropolitan character, and population growth. Place Include census designated places and incorporated places. Each place is assigned a four-digft census code and a five-digit FIPS code that is unique within State. Both are assigned on alphabetical order within State. 1) Census designated places (CDPS) are delineated for decennial census as a statistical counterpart of incorporated places. They comprise densely settled concentrations of population that are identifiable by name, but are not legally incorporated places. Their boundaries usually coincide with visible features or the boundary of an adjacent incorporated place and have no legal status or elected officials. 2) Incorporated places reported for the 1990 census are those reportedto the Census Bureau as legally in existence on January 1, 1990 under the laws of the respective States as cities, boroughs, towns, and villages, with the following exceptions: the towns in New England, New York, and Wisconsin, and the boroughts in New York are recognized as a minor civil divisions for census purposes; the boroughs in Alaska are county equivalent. Rural All territory, population, and housing units with less than 2,500 persons. Rural Farm Comprises all rural households and housing units on farms (places from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were sold in 1989). Urban All territory, population, and housing units in urbanized areas and in places of 2,500 or more persons outside urbanized areas. In other words, urban consists of places of 2,500 or more personsincorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (where exceptions do not apply) and towns but excluding the rural portions of nextended citiesm; Census designated places of 2,500 or more; and other territory, incorporated or unincorporated, included in urbanized areas. Urbanized Area Comprises one or more places ocentral place* and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory (urban fringe) that together have a minimum of 50,000 persons. The urban fring generally consists of contiguous territory have a density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile. The urban fringe also includes outlying territory of such density if it was connected to the core of the contiguous area by road and is within 1 1/2 road miles of that core or within 5 road miles of the core but separated by water or other undevelopableterritory. TIGER The acronym meaning Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing. This is a new digital geographic data base that automated the mapping and related geographic activities required to support the Census Bureau's census and survey programs. It was developed to meet the major geographic needs of the 1990 census: producing the cartographic products to support data collection and map publication, providing the geographic structure for tabulation and publication of the collected data, assigning residential and employer addresses to their geographic location and relating those locations to the Census Bureau's geographic units, etc. Voting District A voting district (v7D) is any of a variety of types of areas (for example, election districts, precincts, wards, legislative districts) established by State and local governments for purposes of elections. ZIP Code Administrative units established by the United States Postal Service (USPS) for the distribution of mail. ZIP codes serve addressesfor the most efficient delivery of mail, and therefore generally do not respect political or census statistical boundaries. They usually do not have clearly identifiable boundaries, often serve a continually changing area, are changed periodically to meet postal requirements, and do not cover all the land area of the United States. ZIP codes are identified by five-digit codes assigned by USPS. The first three digits identify a major city or sectional distribution center, and the last two digits generally signify a specific post office's delivery area or point.