Missouri and the Nation Components of Population Change of Missouri and U.S. During the 1990s The U.S. population increased from 226,542,199 in 1980 to 248,709,873 in 1990 and 281,421,406 in 2000. That was about a 22 million increase (9.8 percent) during the 1980s but an increase of just under 33 million during the 1990s (13.2 percent). Among the states, the greatest numerical increase occurred in California which increased from 29.8 million in 1990 to 33.9 million in 2000 - an increase of 13.6 percent, about the same percentage increase as the nation. The greatest percentage increases occurred in Nevada (66.3 percent), Arizona (40.0 percent), Colorado (30.6 percent) and Utah (29.6 percent). Missouri's population increased from 5,116,901 in 1990 to 5,595,211 in 2000 - an increase of 9.3 percent. Missouri's 9.3 percent increase ranked 30th among the states. The following maps and tables show the amount of population change for each state during the 1990s and the sources of change. Sources of Population Change The population of any geographic entity can change as a result of one or both of two factors: Natural change - the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths occurring during the 10-year period separating the Census years. If there are more births than deaths the state population will increase; conversely, if there are more deaths than births the population will decline. During the 1990s, the population of all states experienced a natural increase in their population. (Table 1 and Map 1) Migration - the population of a state will increase if there are more people who move into the state during the Census decade than move away. Conversely, the population of the state will decline if more people move away from the state than move in. Migrants into a state may come either from another state within the U.S. (domestic migration) or from another country (foreign migration). During the 1990s, there were seven states and the District of Columbia, which experienced net out-migration. The remaining 43 states experienced net in-migration (Table 2 and Map 2). Map 1 click map for larger version Map 2 click map for larger version Components of Population Change in Missouri Missouri's population increased by 478,310 during the 1990s. The increase was a result of 219,553 more births than deaths and an in-migration of 258,757. Missouri's natural increase ranked 24th among the states, but its 1990s in-migration was the 14th largest in the U.S. The migration of the 1990s was a significant change from the 1980s when Missouri had 65,000 more people move away than move in. It was in-migration that was responsible for Missouri's population growth rate to increase from 4.1 percent during the 1980s to 9.3 percent during the 1990s. Missouri and Its Neighbors Missouri's 9.3 percent population increase during the 1990s ranked 30th in the nation. Four of Missouri's neighboring states had a greater growth rate, led by Tennessee with an increase of 16.7 percent (rank 14th), Arkansas with a 13.7 percent increase (rank 19th), Oklahoma with a 9.7 percent increase (rank 26th) and Kentucky also with a 9.7 percent increase (rank 28th). Those four states are a part of the Southeast and Southwest Regions which robust growth rates during the 1990s. In contrast, Missouri's other four neighbors are in the Midwest Region, which had relatively slow population growth during the 1990s. Population growth in those states was led by Illinois with an increase of 8.6 percent (rank 34th) and followed by Kansas with an increase of 8.5 percent (rank 35th), Nebraska with an increase of 8.4 percent (rank 37th) and Iowa with an increase of 5.4 percent (rank 43rd). Like Missouri, each of the eight neighboring states had more impressive population growth in the 1990s than in the 1980s, primarily because of much greater in-migration. Just over 71 percent of Arkansas's population growth was attributable to in- migration. That was the sixth highest among the states in proportion of population growth attributable to migration. Following closely behind Arkansas was Tennessee, which ranked eighth with migration accounting for 70 percent of growth. Missouri followed those two with migration accounting for 54 percent of growth (rank 16th). In order the remaining states were Kentucky with 53 percent (rank 17), Oklahoma with 51 percent (rank 21st), Nebraska with 37 percent (rank 30th), Iowa with 34 percent (rank 35th), and Illinois with 17 percent (rank 39). It is significant that Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas all had relatively significant in-migration during the 1990s after having had great out-migration during the 1980s. National Domestic Migration During the 1990s The 1990s was a decade of significant migration throughout the nation. As shown on Map 2, there were 10 states in which migration added more than 500,000 to the state population during the 1990s. The most impressive migration occurred in Florida in which 2.6 million more people moved to the state than moved out. Migration accounted for 85.7 percent of Florida's total population increase during the 1990s. Not far behind Florida was Texas with a net in-migration of nearly 2 million, which accounted for 50 percent of Texas total population growth Map 2 shows the states with the greatest in-migration were California, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado and Texas in the Southwest. There was a similar cluster in the Southeast Region with Florida having the greatest in-migration (1st nationally) and with nearby Georgia having an increase of 1.132 million (3rd nationally) and North Carolina having an increase of 1.002 million (5th nationally). Tennessee also had an in-migration of 569,000 (10th nationally). In each of those four states, migration accounted for more than 70 percent of total population growth. Most of the states throughout the Midwest and Plains states had an in-migration during the 1990s, which was a turnaround from the 1980s. In many of the states in those regions in-migration accounted for more than 30 percent of the state's total population growth. While during the 1980s those states had net out-migration. Included were South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois and West Virginia. There were seven states that had net out-migration during the 1990s. Those states included major population concentrations led by New York, Connecticut, Ohio and Louisiana. North Dakota, Alaska and Hawaii also had net out-migration. Detailed Tables Natural Increase of Total Population, 1990-2000, for All U.S. States HTML PDF Net Migration of Total Population, 1990-2000, for All U.S. States HTML PDF Net Migration as a Percent of Population Change, 1990-2000, for All U.S. States HTML PDF Population Change with Components of Change, 1990-2000 Estimated Components of Change, for All U.S. States    HTML PDF